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  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Title page for 'Pontificale Romanum Clementis VIII. Pont. Max. iussu restitutum atque editum' (Rome, 1595), a book describing rites performed by Roman Catholic bishops. It was also called 'Liber Sacramentorum,' 'Liber Officialis,' 'Liber Pontificalis,' etc. The engravings of the work in the Digi...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: A rendering of the Pope with an audience
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Outside Jerusalem Jesus confronts his opponents, with the city and the cross visible in the background
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Simon of Cyrene is ordered tp carry Jesus' cross after Jesus falls under its weight
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This woodcut of the crucifixion of Jesus shows his mother Mary and the disciple John (his attribute, the book, in hand) looking on with the Roman soldiers and Jerusalem in the background. It was one of several illustrations in Michael Helding’s Roman Catholic catechism. Moderate Catholic suffraga...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The arms of Hermann V, von Wied (d.1552) adorned the title-page of a history recounting his activities as the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne and an Elector of the Holy Roman Empire
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: God in the form of a king speaks the world into being
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The Roman Emperor Constantine sees the sign of the cross illuminated along with the inscription in this sign, you will conquer
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The Crucifixion. Jesus Christ is laid out on the cross by soldiers who drive the nails into his body, as Jesus' mother and disciples look on. The nails and other instruments are in the foreground and the "INRI" inscription ready to be affixed to the cross.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This woodcut of the crucifixion of Jesus, with the Apostle John and Mary the mother of Jesus standing nearby, was included in a 1519 treatise by Luther on the worthy reception of the Eucharist. A skull is at the foot of the cross (alluding to the biblical references to Golgotha [the place of the ...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus hangs on the cross between two criminals as the crowds mock him
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus is crucified between two thieves
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Taken from a sermon by Martin Luther on the suffering of Christ, this woodcut shows Jesus on the cross with his tomb before him and (perhaps) the Apostle John (or another disciple) kneeling in prayer or worship before him. In the lower right corner is the monogram of Hans Schäufelein (which incor...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: A rendering of the crucifixion with Mary and the beloved disciple looking on.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This image of the crucifixion shows Martin Luther kneeling on the right, and Frederick the Wise, the Elector of Saxony, on the left, an arrangement that often appeared in later editions of the reformer's works
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Crucifixion with Open Tomb. The wood-engraving (on t.p.) has the monogram of H. Schäufelein, according to WA. Jesus cross prayer disciple
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: With the inscription “INRI” (“Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum “ = “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews”) at the head of the cross, this image shows Mary (the mother of Jesus) and Joseph of Arimathea taking the body of Jesus down from the cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus teaches his disciples about greatness using children as an example
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border depicts the attributes of the four gospel writers and an image of Martin Luther with another at the foot of the cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border depicts the attributes of the four gospel writers and an image of Martin Luther with another at the foot of the cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border depicts the attributes of the four gospel writers and an image of Martin Luther with another at the foot of the cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border depicts the attributes of the four gospel writers and an image of Martin Luther with another at the foot of the cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Historiated title-page border with the Luther Rose, attributed to the 'Master of Jacob's Ladder,' the so-called 'Lemberger-Double'
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title page border depicts the four attributes of the gospel writers, an image of God, and an image of the transfiguration
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This intricate title-page border has God at the head, making the sign of blessing, and features two portraits, as well as the Electoral arms of Saxony (right) and the Easter lamb (left). The initials of the printer 'A R' (Andreas Rauscher) are set on both side panels
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The dragon/serpent/Satan/devil is chained by an angel and forced into a burning pit. The angel wears a cross on his head and carries a key.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This beautifully crafted initial letter 'E' features two nudes with a cross, lily, and crown of thorns
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This initial letter E depicts Mary, the mother of Jesus, with crown and cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Initial letter F
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus collapses under the weight of the cross, is helped by Simon of Cyrene, and is surrounded by a crowd and armed guards
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus Christ is brought down from the cross. The "INRI" inscription is visable over his head; the crown of thorns is left on the crossbeam on the right; and a ladder is used for the process. Jesus' disciples look on, and Joseph of Arimathea stands at the foot of the cross.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus Christ is brought down from the cross. The "INRI" inscription is visable over his head; the crown of thorns is left on the right crossbeam; and a ladder is used for the process.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Taken from the printing of an early and very popular sermon by Luther on indulgences and grace, this woodcut shows Jesus being taken down from the cross by Mary the mother of Jesus, Joseph of Arimathea, and the Apostle John. This illustration is reminiscent of the “Man of Sorrows” image shown lat...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: With the inscription “INRI” (“Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum “ = “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews”) at the head of the cross, this image shows Mary (the mother of Jesus) and Joseph of Arimathea taking the body of Jesus down from the cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Here Jesus teaches his disciples of his impending death, indicated by the three crosses in the background at the upper left. The woodcut illustrated Luther’s sermon on John 12
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Having broken down the gate of Hell/Hades, Jesus proclaims salvation to those within. The demonic beasts of the netherworld threaten him from above and below. This was to have occurred between Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus carries his cross to Calvary
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: An angel is in midair with an open book. Near it are two other angels and the symbols of the four gospels (eagle, bull, winged lion, and human figure), and above the all is a lamb with a cross-staff. Below this heavenly scene is the landscape of the earth with its cities, many of which are in ruins.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This image of Jesus depicts him as the “man of sorrows” (cf. Isaiah 53:3 and the history of its Christian interpretation), surrounded by the instru-ments of his suffering and death (e.g. spear, cross, hammer, die, scourge, crown of thorns). It is used as a title-page illustration for one of Luthe...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Mark writes his gospel with his attribute, the lion, nearby
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
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  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Pope Urban VI succeeds Pope Gregory XI
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: A portrait of St. Catherine of Siena with a crucifix and the wounds of stigmata
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Printer’s device of Vincenzo Vaugris (Venice)
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Illustrating a Roman Catholic catechism, this wood-cut shows the administration of the Eucharist in both kinds, a practice that continued among some German Catholics into the second half of the sixteenth century.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus Christ with the crown of thorns on his head and a guard at either side appears at a window. Soldiers stand outside, where a cross has been prepared
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus Christ collapses under the weight of the cross, is helped by Simon of Cyrene, and is surrounded by a crowd and armed guards; Jerusalem is in the background.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: St. Catherine of Siena prays to Jesus Christ on behalf of the apostate, who is being tortured
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: St. Catherine of Siena resuscitates a woman from the dead
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Christ appears as a pauper before St. Martin, whereupon St. Martin removes his cloak and gives it to Christ without knowing it was Jesus
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: St. Catherine of Siena receives the physical wounds of Jesus Christ
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The 144,000. Angels hovering with cross and sword hold back the four winds of the earth
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The Apostle Andrew stands alongside the diagonal cross with book in hand, while in the background is depicted his own martrydom by crucifixion. The monogram of the artist, Virgil Solis (1514-1562), is on the upper left end of the cross.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The Apostle John makes the sign of blessing, as he holds a cup with serpent. The monogram of the artist, Virgil Solis (1514-1562), is in the clouds at the upper right.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The bishop is laying the cross on the chest of a soldier dressed in armor who is about to set out for the Holy Land. Other soldiers await their turn
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The bishop is laying the cross on the chest of a soldier dressed in armor who is about to set out for the Holy Land. Other soldiers await their turn
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fourth of five illustrating the blessing and laying the first stone of a new church building. While the builders look on, the bishop begins to lower the first stone of the new church building, marked with a cross, into a trough already dug in the ground
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of five illustrating the blessing and laying the first stone of a new church building. The bishop, seated under a tent, is speaking to the architect of the building while priests stand nearby with a processional cross and lit candles
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of five illustrating the blessing and laying the first stone of a new church building. The bishop, seated under a tent, is speaking to the architect of the building while priests stand nearby with a processional cross and lit candles
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the last of five illustrating the blessing and laying the first stone of a new church building. Having placed the stone in the ground, the bishop sprinkles the area with the blessed water once again
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the third of five illustrating the blessing and laying the first stone of a new church building. A large cross has been fixed in the ground where the new church will stand. Mixing the salt he has just blessed in the water, the bishop sprinkles the blessed water on the ground a...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of five illustrating the blessing and laying the first stone of a new church building. Standing in the place where the church will be built, the bishop blesses salt and water
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The bishop blesses a suit of armor that is laid out on a table
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the last of six illustrating the blessing of a cemetery. The bishop makes the sign of the cross with the thurible before the center wooden cross
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of six illustrating the blessing of a cemetery. Seated on his throne and holding his crozier, the bishop watches as a man lights the middle candle at the base of one of the five crosses erected in the cemetery
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of six illustrating the blessing of a cemetery. Five crosses stand in the cemetery about to be consecrated: one in the center and one at the edge of the cemetery in the front, back and two sides of the cross in the center. Each has a small stand at its foot containing...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fifth of six illustrating the blessing of a cemetery. The bishop does the same thing at the four outer crosses as he had done at the center. He blesses each cross with incense from the thurible and then places a lit candle at the top of the vertical post and two more candl...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As one of his priest-assistants kneels before him holding the sword, the bishop blesses it with a prayer and holy water
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving depicts the bishop as he blesses the accoutrements of the altar and church, such as various vessels, a censer and cloths for the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the first of two engravings illustrating the blessing of a new cross for a church. The bishop blesses the cross with incense and holy water
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the first of two engravings illustrating the blessing of a new cross for a church. The bishop blesses the cross with incense and holy water
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The priestly vestments for use in a new church are laid out on a table. The bishop blesses all of them at once
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As some Israelites have been bitten by serpents and lie stricken on the ground, others are gathered before their tents and so look for protection unto the bronze serpent that Moses has raised
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The initial letter V shows Moses with the tablets of the law. He looks up at a serpent lifted on a wooden cross in the wilderness. Some Israelites are lying on the ground striken with snake bites, as others look up prayerfully at the serpent.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the third of four illustrating the consecration of a portable altar (or possibly a side altar). Using the blessed water, the bishop makes the sign of the cross in the four corners of the new altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the last of four illustrating the consecration of a portable altar (or possibly a side altar). The bishop makes the sign of the cross in the middle and the four corners of the new altar with his right hand using holy oil
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of four illustrating the consecration of a portable altar (or possibly a side altar). The bishop first blesses some of the ingredients that will be used during the ceremony of consecration: vessels containing water with salt, ashes and wine
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of four illustrating the consecration of a portable altar (or possibly a side altar). Taking some of the blessed water in his hand, the bishop makes the sign of the cross in the middle of the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The bishop holds the chalice in his hand and blesses it, as an attendant priest stands nearby holding a small tray with two cruets
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: For this image: The text around the woodcut is taken from Galatians 6:14. “Far be it from me that I should boast, except in the cross of my Lord Jesus Christ, through whom the world has been crucified to me and I to the world.”
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: A rendering of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ with Mary and the beloved disciple looking on
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The Crucifixion. Jesus Christ is crucified, with the inscription "INRI" overhead, one soldier standing guard beneath the cross, two more on horseback, one lifting a spear to Jesus' side, and two of Jesus' followers barely visible at the lefthand edge.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Appearing on the title page of this volume by the Jewish convert to Christianity, Johannes Pfefferkorn, this engraving of the crucifixion shows Jesus’ blood flowing from his wounds into a font. Mary the mother of Jesus shelters the faithful on the left, while the pope (note the triple tiara and t...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Jesus is crucified as Mary and John look on
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The Crucifixion. Mary the mother of Jesus and the Apostle John flank the cross of Jesus Christ; Jerusalem is in the background and the inscription "INRI" is above Jesus' head. All three figures have haloes.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the last of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop blesses the ornaments and accoutrements of the altar, including altar cloths, candle holders and other vessels
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop stands at a table and blesses the water, salt, ashes and wine that will be used in the ritual of consecration
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the third of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop circles the altar, sprinkling it with water, the ashes and the blessed wine. For this purpose, he uses sprigs of the herb hyssop that h...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fourth of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop circles the altar, consecrating it with incense both above and below
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fifth of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. With his right hand, the bishop makes five crosses on the surface of the altar using holy oil, first in the middle and then in the four corners
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop stands before the altar and, with his right hand, takes some of the blessed water and makes a sign of the cross with it in the middle o...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the sixth of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop takes two vessels, one containing holy oil and one the chrism blessed each year during Holy Week, and pours them onto the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the seventh of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. Five special candles made in the form of a cross are placed on the altar, in the middle and in the four corners. The bishop lights the four tips...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the eighth of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. With his right hand, the bishop makes the sign of the cross with chrism on the front of the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the twelfth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop, seated on a throne before the doors of the church, gives a brief sermon to the assistant priests and the people gathered there
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the eleventh of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop and the other priests march in procession. The bishop is under a canopy carrying the stone containing relics under a cloth. This stone will eventually be set into the altar and will co...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fifteenth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop consecrates the new altar with blessed water and holy oil. He makes the sign of the cross with the oil in the middle of the altar and in each of the four corners corresponding to the ...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the eighth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop blesses the new altar by sprinkling it with holy water taken from an aspersorium using a hyssop branch as an aspergillum
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop first circles the new church on the outside, sprinkling holy water as he goes
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the ninth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop goes around the interior of the church blessing it with holy water which he takes from the aspersorium with a branch of hyssop that he uses as an aspergillum