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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Henry IV, King of Germany and future Holy Roman Emperor, awaits Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) before the closed gates of Canosa in January 1077. He stands barefoot with his wife and son who also stand barefoot. Clerics and monks mock the king from above, while Gregory dallies with a woman. This woodcut appears once in the first edition (1563), as a paste-in, but twice in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Its second use in those editions forms the sixth illustration in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" woodcut series, which functions as an appendix to volume one of the work from the second edition onward. Luborsky and Ingram 11222/1, 11223/1. JPEG file (4.58 MB). Subject: Satire--Religious aspects, Gregory VII, Pope, approximately 1015-1085, Politics and government, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 1050-1106, Catholic Church, History, Clergy, and Christianity Time Period: 476-1268 Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: James Bainham stands barefoot on a raised platform and undergoes penance before a congregation at St. Paul's Cathedral in London. He carries a bundle of wood and a lit candle, and a tonsured priest gestures to the congregants from behind him. This woodcut appears once in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/45. JPEG file (3.84 MB). Subject: Church attendance, St. Paul's Cathedral (London, England), Bainham, James, -1532, Catholic Church, History, Clergy, and Penance Time Period: 16th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor ("Gaoler" ["Jailor"]) guards Bradford ("Bradford."), while Spanish friars question him in his cell. One friar ("Alphon.") questions Bradford directly, and a second friar ("confessor.") and a priest stand behind the first friar. Bradford carries a book, which symbolizes a Bible, in his right hand. Xylographic labels identify all but one of the five individuals in the image. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/33, 11223/71. JPEG file (1.01 MB). Subject: Imprisonment--Religious aspects, Clergy, Bible reading, Christianity, Catholic Church, History, Monasticism and religious orders, and Bradford, John, 1510?-1555 Time Period: 16th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Friars forcibly remove Bilney from his pulpit outside Saint George's Church in Ipswich ("Friers pulling Bilney out of the pulpit." ["Friars pulling Bilney out of the pulpit"]; "Saint Georges churche in Ipswich." ["Saint George's church in Ipswich"]). The congregation of men, women, and children sits and stands nearby. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/14, 11223/43. JPEG file (1 MB). Subject: Church attendance, Clergy, Reformation, Preaching, Catholic Church, History, and Bilney, Thomas, -1531 Time Period: 16th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor guards Bradford, while three bishops question him in his cell. Xylographic labels identify Bradford and his guard ("Bradford" and "keper." ["keeper"]). Bradford carries a book, which symbolizes a Bible, in his right hand. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/32, 11223/70. JPEG file (1.01 MB). Subject: Imprisonment--Religious aspects, Clergy, Bible reading, Christianity, Catholic Church, History, and Bradford, John, 1510?-1555 Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears twice in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the penance of John Florence (sig. LL6r [right], p. 659) and Tho. Pye and John Mendham (sig. MM2r, p. 663). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). Subject: Flagellation, Crowds, Clergy, Catholic Church, History, Bonner, Edmund, 1500?-1569, and Penance Time Period: 15th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In this iconoclastic woodcut allegory of the English Reformation, King Henry VIII sits enthroned on a raised dais over Pope Clement VII ("P. Clem" [Pope Clement]), whose tiara lies discarded before him. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester ("B. Fisher" [Bishop Fisher]) bends over the pope, while Cardinal Reginald Pole ("Pole D" [Doctor Pole]) looks up at Henry from the king's left. Thomas Cromwell ("Cromwe" [Cromwell]), Henry's vicegerent for religious affairs, and Thomas Cranmer ("Cranmer"), Archbishop of Canterbury, receive the English Bible from Henry, who holds a sword that symbolizes his temporal authority over the church. The presence of the sword and the book in this image echoes similar designs that appear on title pages of vernacular English Bibles, which were published with crown approval in the 1530s. Alarmed, the Catholic clergy mourn Clement's fall, while other courtiers observe from both sides of the throne. The Royal Arms above Henry's head accentuates the king's newfound primacy over the Church of Rome. This woodcut appears in the second (1570) and third (1576) editions at Foxe's discussion of the Act of Supremacy (1534), which legalized Henry's authority as Supreme Head of the Church of England. The image appears in the fourth edition (1583) at the opening of Foxe's discussion of Henry's entire reign, replacing "King Henry VIII sits in his council chamber with advisers" in that location. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/48. JPEG file (3.98 MB). Subject: Protestant churches, Theology, Doctrinal, Clement VII, Pope, 1478-1534, Clergy, Church history, Catholic Church, Authority--Religious aspects, History, and Henry VIII, King of England, 1491-1547 Time Period: 16th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Justice stands blindfolded on a pedestal in this iconoclastic Protestant allegory. She grasps a sword in her right hand and scales in her left, which symbolize her authority and her impartiality. On the left side of the image, Christ (designated by a nimbus) and his followers, all of whom are barefoot, talk among themselves and gesture at the Bible ("Verbum Dei" ["Word of God"]) that weighs down their side of the scale. The pope, a cardinal, a bishop, friars, clerics, and others frantically load the opposite side with a crucifix, Mass wafers, Decretal books ("Decretalis"), chalices, rosary beads, and other objects associated with Roman Catholic doctrine and devotional practices. A devil clings to the bottom of the Catholic side, but all of this fails to overturn the weight of scripture. A town is visible in the distance. The image articulates the bibliocentrism of many Protestant reformers and demonstrates those elements of the Roman Catholic faith that many Protestants rejected. See also "English Reformation under King Edward VI" and the title page woodcut in this collection. The image appears in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) editions, but first appears in The whole works of W[illiam] Tyndale, John Frith, and Doct[or] Barnes (London: John Day, 1573). Luborsky and Ingram 11224/2, 24436/3. JPEG file (3.9 MB). Subject: Protestant churches, Symbolism in art, Theology, Doctrinal, Devil, Clergy, Iconoclasm, Catholic Church, and History Time Period: 16th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A crowned Emperor Frederick Barbarossa receives a rebuke from Pope Adrian IV for mishandling the papal stirrup. Adrian rides a richly caparisoned horse and carries the keys of his office in his left hand as he delivers the rebuke. Cardinals carry an awning over the pope, bishops and friars observe, and others kneel in submission. This woodcut is the tenth in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/32. JPEG file (4.44 MB). Subject: Clergy, Humiliation, Adrian IV, Pope, -1159, Papacy, Authority--Religious aspects, History, Catholic Church, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, approximately 1123-1190 Time Period: Twelfth century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Emperor Henry VI kneels before Pope Celestine III, who crowns the emperor with his foot. Cardinals, bishops, monks, and others observe. The pope carries the keys of his office in his left hand. The title of this image inaccurately identifies the pope as Celestine IV, who died in 1241, just fifteen days after becoming pope. Celestine III reigned from 1191-98 and crowned Emperor Henry VI, whose reign spanned the same dates. This woodcut is the fifth in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/28. JPEG file (4.32 MB). Subject: Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 1165-1197, Clergy, Humiliation, Celestine III, Pope, approximately 1106-1198, Christianity, Papacy, Authority--Religious aspects, History, and Catholic Church Time Period: Twelfth century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image