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Woodcuts from John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments
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Great Britain
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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In the backdrop behind this ornamental capital "E," an enthroned King Edward VI holds a sword in his right hand as a symbol of his authority. As attendants observe, the king receives a book from a kneeling courtier. The image echoes portrayals of King Henry VIII delivering the vernacular Bible to his subjects on the title pages of works such as the Coverdale (1535) and Great (1539) Bibles, as well as "King Henry VIII sits enthroned over Pope Clement VII" in this collection. The illustration also evokes the figure of John Bale, a radical English Protestant antiquarian and polemicist who oversaw the placement of a similar picture in his bibliography of British writers, the Illustrium Maioris Britanniae Scriptorum . . . Summarium [Summary of Illustrious Writers of Great Britain] (1548). Bale hoped that the image would earn him patronage under Edward. He shared exile with Foxe during the reign of Mary I. This woodcut appears only in the first edition (1563); "English Reformation under King Edward VI" replaces it in subsequent editions, beginning with the second (1570). The image also appears in folio Bibles that John Day published during Edward's reign. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (185 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The cartouche surrounding these crowned Arms contains the motto of the Order of the Garter and English Arms, "Honi soit qui mal y pence" ["Shame to him who thinks evil of it"]. "Vivat Re[gina]." ["Long live the queen"] in flag above; "E.R." ["Elizabetha Regina" / "Elizabeth, queen"] flanking beside; "I.D." ["John Day"] on the shields on the pillars. This woodcut underwent modification for use in publications during the reigns of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. The woodcut appears in certain copies of the second edition (1570) of the Book of Martyrs. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (4.11 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Ohio State University Libraries and Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library Description: This woodcut image depicts selected reforms of the English church that transpired during the reign of King Edward VI. Priests and tonsured friars carry censing bells, mass books, crucifixes, and other allegedly dangerous objects of Roman Catholic devotion from a church ("The Temple well purged") and load them onto a waiting ship ("The ship of the Romish Church" ["The ship of the Roman Church"]; "Shippe ouer your trinkets and be packing ye Papistes" ["Ship over your trinkets and be packing you papists"]; "The Papistes packing away their paultrye" ["The papists packing away their paltry"]). Iconoclasts burn images ("Burning of Images") and pull statues from the church wall in the background. In the lower left, King Edward carries a sword that symbolizes his authority as Supreme Head of the Church of England, a title first assumed by Henry VIII. Edward delivers a Bible ("Biblia" [Bible]) to his attendants, an action which alludes to the royal support of vernacular Bible reading that appears in "King Edward VI receives a book" and "King Henry VIII sits enthroned over Pope Clement VII" in this collection. The initials "E[dwardus] 6. R[ex]" ["King Edward VI"] appear on Edward's throne. In the lower right, a preacher delivers a sermon to a congregation of men and women, who read from open Bibles. Nearby rest a communion table ("The Co[m]munion Table") and a baptismal font, which is in use. These objects symbolize the Edwardian church's rejection of the other five Roman Catholic sacraments. This portion of the image echoes a similar portrayal on the title page woodcut of the Book of Martyrs. "English Reformation under King Edward VI" introduces Foxe's discussion of Edward's reign in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/57. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This composite, full-page woodcut insert illustrates the poisoning of John, King of England. In the upper right, a Swinstead Abbey monk ("Ego absoluo te &c." ["I absolve you, etc."]) absolves another monk, in advance, of the guilt he will incur when he poisons the king. In the lower right, the monk prepares the poison ("Here the Monk tempereth his poyson." ["Here the monk tempers his poison."]). In the lower center, the monk delivers the poison to the king ("King Iohn presented with a cup of poyson by a Monk drinking unto him." ["King John presented with a cup of poison by a monk drinking unto him"]), saying "Wassail mylige." ["Wassail, my liege?"]. John forces the monk to drink first, and the deaths of both follow: in the upper center, "King Iohn ded of poiso[n]." ["King John dead of poison."]; in the upper left, "The Monk dead of the poyson he drank to the king." ["The monk dead of the poison he drank to the king."]. In the lower left, the monk's fellows commemorate his death with a Mass held in his honor: "A perpetual masse sung daylye in Swinstead for the Monk, that poysoned the King." ["A perpetual Mass sung daily in Swinstead for the monk that poisoned the king"]. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/3, 11223/3. JPEG file (2.33 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: King Henry VIII sits enthroned, under a cloth of state, in a richly decorated council chamber and gestures to his right. Twenty-five councilors sit on draped benches, which form two semicircles around the king, and talk among themselves. Ornamental mermaids and a child's face adorn the lower portion of the illustration. The initials "IF" ("J[akob] F[aber]") appear in the lower right corner of the image and provide a clue to its designer. This image opens Foxe's analysis of the reign of King Henry in the second (1570) and third (1576) editions. In the fourth edition (1583), it is replaced by "King Henry VIII sits enthroned over Pope Clement VII" in this collection. This illustration first appears in Edward Hall's The union of the two noble and illustrious families of Lancaster & York (London: Richard Grafton, 1548). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/35, 11224/3, 12721/1, 17300/1. JPEG file (3.44 MB).