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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An enthroned emperor observes the suffering and martyrdom of Christian bishops. The emperor holds a sword, which symbolizes his authority, and soldiers attend him. The woodcut contains six scenes of torture: flames engulf a martyr (upper left); lions devour a naked man (upper center); two workers crucify a man upside-down (upper right) (see "St. Peter undergoes crucifixion upside-down" in this collection); two guards flog a man, who is dressed in loincloth, tied to a stake, and bleeding (right foreground); a torturer stands on and drills out the eye of a bound bishop (center foreground) (see "Martyrs suffer branding and the removal of their eyes" in this collection); and a man kneels, about to be beheaded (center). Beginning with the second edition (1570), this woodcut and the eleven that follow it comprise an appendix to volume one of the work, under the title "The Proud Primacy of Popes." This appendix details the alleged decline of relations between Christian monarchs and the papacy during the medieval period, a decline which Foxe traces from its beginning at the time of the primitive Church. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut that appears on the verso side of the next leaf. The "Proud Primacy" series appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/24. JPEG file (4.72 MB). Subject: Church history--Primitive and early church--Historiography, Torture--Religious aspects, Emperors--Religious aspects, Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, Papacy, and History Time Period: 30-600 Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The obverse of this medal presents the right side of Hus's face in profile ("Credo unam esse ecclesiam sanctam Catholicam. Io. Hus Anno A. Christo [condem]nato 1415" ["I believe there is one holy Catholic church. John Hus, convicted in the year of Christ 1415"]). The reverse depicts Jerome tied to a stake and surrounded by faggots ("Centum revolutis annis Deo respondebitis et mihi. Hieronim[us] Anno A. Cristo [condem]natus 1416" ["You all will answer to God and me in one hundred returning years. Jerome, convicted in the year of Christ 1416"]). The center of the reverse contains the word "co[n]demnatus" ["convicted"]. Hus and Jerome appear on the medal as two prophets, sent by God against the papacy. According to Foxe, Jerome prophesied prior to his death that God would hold Rome accountable one hundred years following Jerome's martyrdom. Foxe interprets Jerome's statement as predicting the arrival of Martin Luther a century later. These paired woodcuts appear twice the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/22, 11223/23. JPEG file (2.74 MB). Subject: Hus, Jan, 1369?-1415, Luther, Martin, 1483-1546, Prophecy, Martyrdom, Christianity, Jeroným, Pražský, approximately 1380-1416, Religious medals, and History Time Period: 15th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In anticipation of his imminent execution, Laurence raises his arms. Soldiers bring faggots for the fire and children observe, while other soldiers observe from the rear. The martyrdom occurs at Colchester in Essex. Foxe praises the children for praying for Laurence and attributes such a response to the "godly" instruction of their parents. See also "Martyr burns in an iron chair" in this collection. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/64. JPEG file (3.95 MB). Subject: Crowds, Death by burning, Church history, Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, History, and Laurence, John, -1555 Time Period: 16th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Seven Coventry martyrs burn at three stakes. Six of the seven gesture with their hands, sometimes in prayer. The two men at the far right and the woman at the left all stand in profile, and the four central figures stand back to back. The third martyr from the left, a woman, gazes upward. Even though the design of this woodcut is similar to other woodcuts that undergo repetition in the Book of Martyrs, this woodcut appears only once in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/42. JPEG file (3.68 MB). Subject: Burning at the stake, Prayer, Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, and History Time Period: 16th century and 1510-1520 Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Two men wielding daggers assault a woman, who falls to her death onto a heap of men and women who have also been assaulted. The woman stretches her hands outward in helplessness, and her clothes are torn. Two of those already dead appear dressed in loincloth, and the third is clothed. (Cartouche: "TheChristians stabbed in with forkes.34.92." ["The Christians stabbed in with forks. 34. 92."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (255 KB). Subject: Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, and History Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: After cutting Damlip down from a gallows, a guard disembowels him. Damlip lies propped, still living, against the gallows, and a fire burns nearby, ready to consume his entrails. The recently severed noose hangs from Damlip's neck. An official on horseback supervises the execution, and a crowd of soldiers observes. Damlip's martyrdom occurs at Calais. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/53. JPEG file (3.98 MB). Subject: Hanging, Damlip, Adam, -1543, Crowds, Torture--Religious aspects, Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, and History Time Period: 16th century Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and A soldier cuts out the tongue of a clothed man, who stands bound to a stake. The soldier uses a sharp instrument, which he holds in his left hand, to grasp the tongue and employs pincers, which he holds in his right hand, to sever it. His sleeves are rolled up. (Cartouche: "Here their toungsare cut out.79.34.90." ["Here their tongues are cut out. 79. 34. 90."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (290 KB). Subject: Torture--Religious aspects, Martyrdom, and Christianity Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two soldiers deliver fatal hammer blows to the heads of two men. One victim is fully clothed, and the other is dressed in loincloth. One appears to have been struck already, and the other is about to be struck. (Cartouche: "Their braynes beaten out with Maules.44." ["Their brains beaten out with mauls. 44."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (374 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). Subject: Assault and battery, Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, and History Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Two men stone two chained martyrs. One martyr slumps downward onto his chest, while the other kneels, facing away from his attackers, and prays. Both martyrs are clothed. (Cartouche: "The Christia[n]s stoned, to death. 89." ["The Christians stoned to death. 89."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (280 KB). Subject: Torture--Religious aspects, Stoning, Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, and History Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and A soldier forcefully grasps the head of a man with his left hand and runs him through with the sword that he holds in his right hand. The martyr wears loincloth and extends his hands outward in helplessness. (Cartouche: "The Christians with swordes thrust through. 34." ["The Christians with swords thrust through. 34."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (248 KB). Subject: Executions and executioners, Martyrdom, Christianity, and History Format (Digital): JPEG Type: Still Image and Text