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  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Moses stands before the Ark of the Covenant, and sees that the rod/staff of Aaron has blossomed/sprouted.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Moses commands that trumpets be made and played as signals to Israel. The tents are visible in the background.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of two illustrating the proceedings at a diocesan synod. The bishop sits among the priests of the diocese, as the archdeacon stands in a pulpit and reads the decrees of the Council of Trent and the profession of faith. All who are present also make the profession of ...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of three illustrating various rites for those under holy orders. When a priest engages in serious wrong-doing, he may be suspended by the bishop. After doing the prescibed penance, the priest undergoes a rite of reconciliation. Here the bishop is laying his hand on t...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The tents of the tribes of Israel, each with the name of its tribe, all arranged around the tabernacle, and the directions east and west are noted.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of two illustrating the proceedings at a diocesan synod. The bishop preaches to all those present at the synod, admonishing and exhorting them
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates one part of the rite of absolution for a priest who had been excommunicated. The one to be absolved kneels before the bishop who is seated outside of the church. The bishop holds a switch in his hand with which he beats the shoulders of the one to be absolved, while a...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates the rite of solemn excommunication. The bishop sits surrounded by twelve priests in a public place, each with a lit candle in his hand. The bishop then pronounces the anathema against the one to be excommunicated, after which all strike out their candles against the g...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates the visit of a bishop to a parish church. While visiting, he gives the local congregation a solemn blessing and, during the liturgy, tells them the reasons why he has come to see them (e.g., to ascertain whether or not the local church is being well governed, to perfor...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the third of five illustrating the reconcilation of pentitents to the Church on Holy Thursday. The archdeacon approaches the penitents and bids them to remain silent and listen as he speaks to the bishop on their behalf
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: On the feast of the Epiphany, the archdeacon ascends the pulpit after the singing of the Gospel and sings out the dates of the moveable feasts of the coming church year and also the day of the diocesan synod
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the second of four engravings illustrating the blessing of several holy oils on Holy Thursday. The archdeacon presents a vessel containing oil to the bishop for his blessing
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of five illustrating the reconciliation of pentitents to the Church on Holy Thursday. The penitents make a private confession to a priest
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the first of four engravings illustrating the blessing of several holy oils on Holy Thursday. The bishop sits in the midst of many clerical dignitaries, priests, deacons and subdeacons and prepares to begin the sacrifice of the Mass
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the last of three engravings illustrating the blessing of a new bell for a church. The bishop places a thurible filled with incense under the bell and allows the smoke of the incense to rise and envelope the bell
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the second of three engravings illustrating the blessing of a new bell for a church. The bishop makes seven crosses with his right hand on the outside of the bell using holy oil
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the first of three engravings illustrating the blessing of a new bell for a church. The bell is set up inside the church for the blessing. The bishop is seated while several Psalms are chanted. The implements needed for the ceremony are set out on a table
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As one of his priest-assistants kneels before him holding the sword, the bishop blesses it with a prayer and holy water
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of three illustrating the public expulsion of penitents from the community of the church on Ash Wednesday. After blessing it with holy water, the bishop places a hairshirt onto the penitents
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The bishop blesses a suit of armor that is laid out on a table
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of four illustrating the consecration of a portable altar (or possibly a side altar). The bishop first blesses some of the ingredients that will be used during the ceremony of consecration: vessels containing water with salt, ashes and wine
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of four illustrating the consecration of a portable altar (or possibly a side altar). Taking some of the blessed water in his hand, the bishop makes the sign of the cross in the middle of the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of six illustrating the blessing of a cemetery. Five crosses stand in the cemetery about to be consecrated: one in the center and one at the edge of the cemetery in the front, back and two sides of the cross in the center. Each has a small stand at its foot containing...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fifth of six illustrating the blessing of a cemetery. The bishop does the same thing at the four outer crosses as he had done at the center. He blesses each cross with incense from the thurible and then places a lit candle at the top of the vertical post and two more candl...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This is the first of two engravings illustrating the blessing of a new cross for a church. The bishop blesses the cross with incense and holy water
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The priestly vestments for use in a new church are laid out on a table. The bishop blesses all of them at once
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the seventh of nine illustrating the blessing and consecration of a virgin. As the nuns wearing their crowns of leaves kneel before him, the bishops declares anyone anathema who would try to lead them away from the banner of chastity
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the sixth of nine illustrating the blessing and consecration of a virgin. The bishop places a crown of leaves, symbolizing the excellence of virginity, on the head of each nun as she kneels before him
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fourth of nine illustrating the blessing and consecration of a virgin. Seated on his throne before the altar, the bishop asks the women if they will persist in holy virginity. When they answer that they will, he places a second veil over the head of each nun as she kneels b...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the seventh of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. Five special candles made in the form of a cross are placed on the altar, in the middle and in the four corners. The bishop lights the four tips...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the eighth of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. With his right hand, the bishop makes the sign of the cross with chrism on the front of the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the third of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. Upon reaching the door of the church, the bishop draws a cross on the lower part of the door with his crozier
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fourth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. After a priest makes a cross with ashes from the four corners of the church to the center. The bishop then draws with his crozier the Greek alphabet along the arm of the cross beginning at the angl...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. Reaching the door of the church, the bishop knocks on the door with his crozier and asks to be admitted with the words of Psalm 24: “Let the king of glory enter.” A deacon inside the church asks: “...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of ten illustrating the blessing and coronation of a king. The king kneels before the presiding bishop and places his hands on the book of the Gospels that is offered to him by the bishop. All the auxiliary bishops and priests look on
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the twelfth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop, seated on a throne before the doors of the church, gives a brief sermon to the assistant priests and the people gathered there
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the eleventh of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop and the other priests march in procession. The bishop is under a canopy carrying the stone containing relics under a cloth. This stone will eventually be set into the altar and will co...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the last of nine illustrating the blessing and consecration of a virgin. The Bishop, seated on his throne, offers the breviary to the nuns. Now that they are professed as nuns, it will be their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day. The nuns touch the book with th...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of ten illustrating the blessing and coronation of a king. The king-elect is led by auxiliary bishops before the presiding bishop seated on a throne. The crown and scepter of the new king are resting on the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the eighth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop blesses the new altar by sprinkling it with holy water taken from an aspersorium using a hyssop branch as an aspergillum
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the seventeenth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop and two priest assistants mount a rolling staircase in order to bless twelve crosses fixed to the walls of the church
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the tenth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop circles the church three times in all, blessing the interior with holy water from the aspersorium. Each time he begins the circle in a different direction: first to the right, then down t...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fifteenth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop consecrates the new altar with blessed water and holy oil. He makes the sign of the cross with the oil in the middle of the altar and in each of the four corners corresponding to the ...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fourteenth of eighteen illustrating the dedication or consecration of a church. The bishop consecrates the altar with incense, swinging the censer in the sign of the cross over its middle and four corners
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Historiated title-page border Title border by Jörg Breu, the Elder (ca. 1480-1537)
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Historiated title-page border
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Lazarus Schürer (fl. 1519-1521) was the printer for this edition of Erasmus’ Latin collection of similitudes and comparisons, metaphors, allusions, and poetical and biblical allegories. The device derives from that used by Matthias Schürer (fl. ca. 1508-1520) and may have been designed by Hans We...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fifth of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. With his right hand, the bishop makes five crosses on the surface of the altar using holy oil, first in the middle and then in the four corners
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fourth of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop circles the altar, consecrating it with incense both above and below
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Historiated title-page border Master of the Zackenblätter = Monogrammist MB; related artistically to J. Luther 100, which has also been ascribed to this artist; some relation also to Dürer and Graf
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop stands at a table and blesses the water, salt, ashes and wine that will be used in the ritual of consecration
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of nine illustrating the consecration of an altar, when this is not part of the ceremony for the dedication of a church. The bishop stands before the altar and, with his right hand, takes some of the blessed water and makes a sign of the cross with it in the middle o...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border features the arms of the city of Wittenberg at the head and the crest of the printer (Melchoir Lotter, the Younger) at the foot. It has been attributed to Lucas Cranach, the Elder
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Historiated title-page border with the printer's device of Friedrich Peypus (1485-1534)
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Papal coat of arms for Pope Leo X (1475-1521)
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving depicts the bishop as he blesses the accoutrements of the altar and church, such as various vessels, a censer and cloths for the altar
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border has a fool on the left column and a satyr on the right. The artist is Urs Graf (c. 1485 - c. 1527), and his monogram is on a tablet at the left
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border illustrates either the printer's carelessness or his playfulness with its upside-down placement of the left panel
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates ordination to the minor order of exorcist, the third of seven ordinations culminating in full priesthood. The bishop, seated on his throne and surrounded by attendant priests, offers an ornate book (perhaps the book of exorcisms) to one of the ordainees. The tonsure o...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates ordination to the minor order of porter or doorkeeper, the first of seven ordinations culminating in full priesthood. The bishop gives a large key to the candidate for ordination, who kneels before him
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates ordination to the minor order of lector or reader, the second of seven ordinations culminating in full priesthood. The bishop, seated on his throne, and the ordainees listen while another priest reads “verbum Dei,” or the word of God from a book, perhaps a lectionary o...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates one aspect of the sacrament of priestly ordination. The bishop, seated on his throne, is ritually cutting the hair of the man to be ordained, that is, giving him tonsure. He cuts in four places, front, back, over the ears and the crown of the head
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first in a series illustrating the various stages in the sacrament of ordination to the priesthood. The bishop is seated on his throne in front of the altar with attendant priests at his side. Four candidates for ordination kneel before him
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second of two illustrating the sacrament of confirmation. Seated on his throne and with attendant priests at his side, the bishop confirms a child whose sponsor kneels behind him. Another child and sponsor stand before a scribe who is writing the child’s name (?) in a ledger
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first of two illustrating the sacrament of confirmation. The bishop, with attendant priests at his side, is making the sign of the cross with holy oil on the forehead of the boy being confirmed. The child’s sponsor looks on with his arm around the child
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This title-page border presents the arms of Electoral (left) and Ducal (right) Saxony. As this border was copied and used later, both coats of arms were eliminated
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border depicts a monk and a nun on either side and the Green Man of pagan and Christian lore below. Attributed to the workshop of Lucas Cranach, the Elder
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This historiated title-page border features the Apostles Peter and Paul and the symbols of the four Evangelists. The Electoral arms of Saxony, the date 1522, and the monogram of the printer (IG = Johann Grunenberg) are at the base. It is a free imitation of a larger title-page border by Urs Graf
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates ordination to the second of the three major orders: the diaconate, the sixth of seven ordinations culminating in full priesthood. Seated on his throne and with attendant priests at his side, the bishop offers a book to the ordainee kneeling before him. Each deacon is ...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates ordination to the first of the three major orders: the subdiaconate, the fifth of seven ordinations culminating in full priesthood. The bishop, seated on his throne, offers a chalice and paten to the ordainee kneeling before him. Another priest, wearing a cope, offers...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the sixth in a series of twelve illustrating the consecration of a new bishop. The bishop-elect with the strip of linen (mappula) tied around his head, kneels before the presiding bishop who anoints both his hands with holy oil. Another priest continues to hold the book of the...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fourth in a series of twelve illustrating the consecration of a new bishop. The bishop-elect kneels before the chief consecrating bishop, as he and his assistant bishops place the book of the Gospels on his neck and shoulders
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the second in a series of twelve illustrating the consecration of a new bishop. The bishop-elect kneels before the presiding bishop and says aloud the oath of his office
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the fifth in a series of twelve illustrating the consecration of a new bishop. The bishop-elect kneels before the seated presiding bishop. A priest continues to hold the book of the Gospels open behind his head while the presiding bishop makes a sign of the cross with holy oil...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving is the first in a series of twelve illustrating the consecration of a new bishop. The bishop-elect, wearing a biretta or pointed cap and a cope, sits in the midst of several other bishops who will consecrate him. The presiding bishop wears a chasuble and mitre, the other bishops ...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates one aspect of ordination to the priesthood: the blessing of the priests’ hands. The bishop anoints both hands of the new priests with oil and their hands are then wrapped in a linen cloth and blessed. Then the bishop, seated on his throne, offers the chalice, filled wit...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This engraving illustrates one aspect of ordination to the third of three major orders: priesthood, the seventh and last of a series of ordinations culminating in full priesthood. The bishop, seated on his throne with attendant priests at his side, speaks to the ordainees kneeling before him wit...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The soldiers of Israel battle those of Amalek, as Moses stands nearby with Aaron and Hur holding his arms aloft. The troops of both nations fight in heavy armor and with swords, lances, and pikes.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As Israel stands by, Moses lints his staff to strike a rock to produce water for the people. Sword. Moses and a priestly figure carry the body of Miriam for burial. Same image as that used for Num 20.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As Moses stands with staff in hand, Israelites gather into baskets the manna that is falling from the heavens. Israel's tents are visible in the background.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As Moses and Israel stand safely on the shore, Pharaoh's army is drowned in the Red Sea.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Shown are the laver, bowls, altar, and other utensils used in the sacrificial cult.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The lamb is shown with a banner in the sky, surrounded by angels playing on harps, and four beasts with wings: lion, human figure, eagle, and ox. A book is opened and the cities of the earth are being destroyed.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: With cities in the distance, there is pictured the Temple courtyard with stone pavement and a curtain in its midst.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Adam and Eve are shown in the Garden of Eden; nearby is the serpent and a tree loaded with fruit.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The dragon/serpent/Satan/devil is chained by an angel and forced into a burning pit. The angel wears a cross on his head and carries a key.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: An angel shows John the new heaven and the new earth. A city is stretched out before him below.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: From the 'Zürich Bible' and based on the sketches of Hans Holbein, the Younger (1497/98-1543), this illustration of the creation story in Genesis 2 shows Eve rising in the posture of prayer from the side of the sleeping Adam, as God stands alongside giving the sign of blessing. Several of the ani...
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: The armies of heaven defeat the armies of the beast. Armored figures are shown riding horses with armor; an angel flies overhead, and the seven-headed beast falls below into flames.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As Babylon is consumed by flames and merchants wail, two angels fly overhead. Open book.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: A woman wearing the papaal tiara rides the beast with seven heads and holds a cup aloft in her hand, and she is greeted by kings, some of whom have fallen down before her.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Angels empty the bowls of God's wrath on the earth, as the sun shines above and the beast (with the triple tiara) emits frogs from his mouth below.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As one angel puts the sickle to the grain to reap it, another harvests grapes, and another angel works the winepress. God is in the clouds above with sickle in hand.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: This sharp piece of anti-Catholic polemic portrays the pope (note the papal crown) as the Antichrist, half-bull and half-human, trampling books and wielding a sword
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Moses and Aaron stand before Pharaoh and his officials, as their staff became a serpent and consumed the Egyptians' staffs-become-serpents. In addition, Moses raises his staff over the Nile River to turn it to blood before Pharaoh.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As the old Pharaoh, who knew and favored Joseph is laid by his attendants in the tomb, a new Pharaoh with crown and scepter receives his subjects from a balcony.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Under the direction of Joseph and followed by a large number of Egyptians, several men carry the coffin of Jacob for burial in the cave in the field of Machpelah, near Mamre.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: As Joseph stands with his attendant near a grain bin, his brothers beseech him for grain. Their donkeys/asses stand nearby.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Joseph is led away to prison by two men as Potiphar, with sword and crown, and his wife stand looking on.
  • Contributing Institution: Pitts Theology Library
    Description: Joseph is lowered by his brothers with ropes into a well.